King Lear – Jealousy Between Goneril and Regan

In terms of power, Lear becomes the complete opposite of what he is in Act One by the end of Act Two. The fool says, â€Å"Now thou art an O without/ a figure. I am better than thou art now: I am a Fool, thou/ art nothing† (I. iv. 197-199). As the play progresses, the Fool points out that King Lear has become nothing. Misjudgment, betrayal and becoming â€Å"nothing† (I. iv. 199) leads King Lear into near madness by the end of Act Two. King Lear is very oblivious in the beginning of the play. His demanding personality reveals to the audience that he is blind to the truth. By asking his daughters, â€Å"Which of you shall we say doth love us most† (I. i. 53), it shows a vulnerable side of him because he craves being worshiped. Lear is more interested in listening to a speech on how wonderful he is, rather than leaving his empire in the hands of someone responsible. His thirst for compliments is so drastic that he even disowns his daughter for not worshiping him, also showing his lack of awareness because she truly loved him. We see Lear as a powerful character that puts himself in front of others in Act One. King Lear is so used to being treated like royalty that going from the most powerful person in England to virtually nothing in such a small amount of time nearly makes him fall into madness by the end of Act Two. Goneril and Regan are the main cause of this. At first, Lear was oblivious to their daughters plot to rule him out. Lear starts to catch on to this, and for the first time in the play, he is aware. After being abandoned by his daughters, Lear says â€Å"O fool, I shall go mad† (2. 4. 281), showing that he realizes the mistake he’s made. At this point in the play, the status of King Lear and his daughters have completely shifted. King Lears’ intentions were never evil, but his greedy actions were the cause of his fall. By the end of act 2, Lear gains more insight on what is really going on around him. Other characteristics from Act One still remain, such as his hunger for authority: The king would speak with Cornwall. The dear father Would with his daughter speak, commands, tends service. Are they â€Å"informed† of this? My breath and blood! â€Å"Fiery†? The â€Å"fiery† duke? Tell the hot duke that Lear— (II. iv. 91-96) Later on in the play, Lear says to Regan, â€Å"I have a full case of weeping but this heart/Shall break a hundred thousand flaws,/or ere ill weep- O fool, I shall go mad? †(2. 4. 281-283), at this point of the play, the audience feels pity for Lear. The Lear we see in Act Two is deprived of his powers through lies and evil tricks from Regan and Goneril. Th is has caused the King to become nothing, in contrast to the greedy and cruel King we see in Act One.

Money spent on space researches Essay

Throughout the history of mankind, we humans have always been eager to explore the world and space around us. Many developed countries have been funding the research programs aim at developing and improving the technology for space exploration. On the other hand, several research programs aim at improving the quality of life and providing the basic necessities of life to needy people have not been implemented due to lack of funds, In my opinion money and effort spends on space exploration is a complete a fruitful expenditure for the next generation. The space exploration gives us a vast advantage to the world such as the space exploration helps us understand the universe that we live in; gather knowledge and understanding of different celestial bodies around us.it give us proper information about what’s happening around the world so basically most of countries’ had used to do their daily routing by using non kind of technologies which will help to maintain its country n eeds. Furthermore the space exploration has wind up in the sky while improving its technology now it had already become an indispensible part of every developed countries. Meanwhile space satellites and some other equipment’s had already being situated around the earth; satellites can update its data through the data transmission method that used to communicate between earth and space. Thus sciences had improved gradually in case of space exploration In spite of taking the disadvantages of forecasting, the science had found out the more advance, accurate and fastest technology called weather updates through the satellite and it can detect natural Disasters like storms on before it happens in particular country of state. Nevertheless space exploration is almost interesting concept for most of the people for some reasons as follows; it creates us a clear picture about the space, universe where we are living. In this particular option people were able to use Global Positioning System (GPS) it gives the vast advantages such as finding the position wherever and every corner of the earth. Within this option it can be provide for many purposes nowadays the air transportation increased due to population and everyone’s wanted travel around the world without facing any troubles so the aviation has winded up while using GPS so in this particular time the technology has improved and the GPS systems had already provided in aircrafts. In spite of  taking the risk of passengers on the craft the ingenious scientist had developed the technology. According to new sciences there are plenty of advantages on space exploration. On the other hand space exploration can be help to protect earth from non-kind of destruction on space such as comet, meteors and sudden space explosions. When it does began to floating it carries most destructive parts around space so in this case those exploded meteors can be attempt on our milky way. Throughout that space exploration we humans cannot even find what kind of a distress that earth is going to confront not only earth it could be incidence to another planet too. So in the particular time technology can be help to protect earth. Moreover we have most sophisticated, advanced satellite systems’ which can detect those kind destructive fragments before it’s entering to our ozone layer. So under these, we humans can live safe and sound. In general the population among the countries’ had gradually increasing, the extent of living areas getting reduced. Some other significant resources such as water, pure oxygen levels will be reduce. So that the villages are being transformed into cities and the cities are being more and more populous. Moreover when the population is increasing there should be and limits in wants. So the food industries needs to maintain the market, suppliers of daily necessities must have to go for alternative options to balance the market and people needs. Even though marketers tries to provide alternative options when there is a crisis, in the same way throughout space exploration many of scientists had anticipated and discovering enormous space objects and their researching about the conditions on particular space objects whereas earth the humans can live comfortably on those planets.

Analysis of Saudi Arabia Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Analysis of Saudi Arabia Press - Essay Example The essay "Analysis of Saudi Arabia Press" talks about the main functions of print media in Saudi Arabia and how the government controls it after the events occurring in Bahrain. The Saudi press remained controlled, applying no pressure on to the state authorities in relation to their handling of the Bahraini events and abstaining from the criticism of other governments. The Saudi government desired to be viewed as central to the social structure whereas the Saudi print media was to serve as a gatekeeper of what the Saudi people should think about. Then, it may be hypothesized that the function of the system of print media in Saudi Arabia was in accordance with the authoritarian press model, by which the press is considered as "a servant of the state and it is responsible for a larger part of its content to the power figures who are in charge of the government at any particular time". Indeed, if this model is applicable to the Saudi print media then the hypotheses given below would b e likely to hold true: H1 a: The developments in the field of politics and military/defense in Bahrain would be extremely newsworthy. H1 b: The type of news, for the political and military developments in the Bahraini conflict, would be largely domestic. H1 c: The tone of the news, for the political and military developments in the Bahraini conflict, would usually be positive. H2: The individual newspapers would offer similar levels of coverage to the different themes that have been presented by the news items.

Patient Satisfaction and Retention Strategies in Hospitals Thesis

Patient Satisfaction and Retention Strategies in Hospitals - Thesis Example This paper illustrates that the performance of any hospital is dependent on the patient satisfaction and retention strategies for hospitals. Studies have been conducted on how hospitals can improve their patient satisfaction and retention strategies, as well as, how hospitals can attract patients. However, the studies did not explain explicitly the tactics that can be implemented to help attract patients and retain them at the same time. Therefore, the need to understand and analyze various factors that can help in improving patient satisfaction and retention in hospital settings. Although studies have been conducted to establish why different hospitals perform better than others, employee satisfaction has always satisfaction has always been a very important tool for medical staff. Staffs who are content will be more productive than discontented staff and will also have the low turnover of staff. The question of why some hospitals perform better than others is asked by many and by co nducting a research on the patient satisfaction and retention strategies on Sheikh Khalifa some of the questions will be answered. Though sickness is not something that can be wished for it is foolish or naà ¯ve to ignore the fact that people fall ill. It is in this context that SKMC tries to understand that treating a patient does not necessarily mean he or she is satisfied with the services offered. SKMC was built in 2005 due to the merger of publicly managed health care providers in Abu Dhabi. It encompasses several ‘Centers of Excellence’ and it is run by the Cleveland Clinic. It functions as the leading institution in SEHAs system. It is overseen by its obligation to practice modern health care services to high standards as high as the world’s best medical facilities. SKMC’s broad healthcare services provide for the priorities of the people of Abu Dhabi. It ensures both the finest levels of patient satisfaction and care and promotes overall health th rough awareness and education. SEHA is standing for Abu Dhabi Health Services and Company. SEHA is the Arabic word for health. It was launched in December 2007 and it is owned and run by the Abu Dhabi government. SEHA was launched by the government has plans to reform the healthcare sector in Abu Dhabi and represent a positive milestone in the provision of the best healthcare services in the world by His Highness Sheikh Khalifa.

Document 20 Oral interview with robert Rasmus Essay

Document 20 Oral interview with robert Rasmus - Essay Example He says it felt like being in a dramatic movie, but with the added terror of it actually being real. It took a while for him to get used to this. Later in the interview he describes his six week tour of duty, and actual examples of the battles he was in and how they were. Throughout the rest of the interview though he returns to that same conflict he feels between the excitement of the war and the horrors of the reality of it, and how he doesn’t want to die. He says he was â€Å"pulled in two directions: Gee, I don’t wanna get killed. And, Boy, this is gorgeous country.† In the rest of his interview he talks about the experience of taking one German town and then another one, and how the first to die was a sergeant everybody hated and wanted to kill. But he is sure nobody in his platoon did fire the shot, and that it was a German. The immediate historical context of this document is the end of World War II. It is a war that many people thought had to be fought be cause of the evils of Hitler and the holocaust. Despite that, and despite the worthiness of the cause of the war, to the soldiers fighting in the war it was still terrifying. This accounts for the sense of â€Å"schizophrenia† that Robert Rasmus refers to several times in the interview. He felt simultaneously as if he was doing the right thing, and that it was great, and that he was going to die, and he did not want to die.

Green Computing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Green Computing - Case Study Example The software component shall also look at aspects and areas of conserving energy. The project will be implemented as part of the larger organizational strategy and policy of the company. As part of the objectives of the project, all staff are expected to receive a very high level of education and awareness on how they can, on an individual basis apply basic rules and principles on the effective and efficient use of information systems. The training is expected to be part of the skills and knowledge of all existing staff as well as new staff. Much of the desire to go green in computing will come with the use of the right IT tools that have been passed for efficiency and effectiveness. To this end, there will be an outsourcing exercise to replace all existing IT tools that cannot guarantee this purpose. This is going to be the major task involved in the green computing project. As there continue to be an enlightened awareness among the public on the need to protect the environment towards future preservation, more and more people are becoming inclined on the need to do business with companies that guarantee environment protection (Perry, 2008). It is therefore an objective of the project to help raise a competitive advantage (Risk Management Guidelines, 2004) for the company by the close of the project. The success of projects is best tested when they achieve the objectives for which they are carried out (Perry, 2008). A very basic success criterion that will be used to measure the impact of the project shall therefore be a project objective scorecard or checklist, which shall be marked after six months to determine the areas of achievement and areas of failure. A very basic approach that will be used in managing the project shall be a delegation and decentralized approach whereby there shall be various divisions among the departments of the company. Under each of these divisions, there shall be a head, to who members of the

Leadership & Change Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Leadership & Change - Coursework Example Despite such, the effectiveness of a change process relies on the management techniques employed in an organization with the leadership skills of the managers remaining integral in the process as the discussion below shows. Transformational model of leadership and theory of change mandates the managers with overseeing the change process thus with the responsibility of ensuring the success of the change process (Mullins, 2010: 451). The theory requires managers to boost the morale of the employees thereby introducing the changes systematically in a manner that the employees embrace them. Employee motivation is a basic mandate of human resource management. It influences the employees’ response to change. Firstly, the leader must influence the employees. This requires the leader to inspire his employees in order to influence them easily. Additionally, the leader should use employ intellectual stimulation when carrying out the change process (Sperry, 2013: 98). The manager can create new positions thus promote productive employees. Remuneration is yet another basic factor of motivation, in case the change promises to increase profitability, and the manager can, therefore, increase the pay of the emp loyees in order to encourage them to adopt the change. Change management further requires the managers to understand their employees. As explained earlier, some employees would adopt change easily while others are inherently resistant to change. By understanding the employees, the management can select the best management technique to employ in order to encourage productivity and acceptance of the changes. Theory X, theory Y and theory Z explain the various traits of employees in an organization. Theory X asserts that employees are inherently lazy and dislike work. As such, the employees require intense supervision without which they remain unproductive. Theory X, on the other hand, argues that employees love their work and are naturally productive. The two

What is virtue and what helps promote a virtuous life Essay

What is virtue and what helps promote a virtuous life - Essay Example When principled love is exercised, there is no law that is against love, it encompasses all goodness and virtues. The Apostle Paul described principled love with the following words in the Holy Scriptures at 1 Corinthians 13:4-7 which says: Love is long-suffering and kind. Love is not jealous, it does not brag, does not get puffed up, does not behave indecently, does not look for its own interests, and does not become provoked. It does not keep account of the injury. It does not rejoice over unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth. It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, and endures all things. Long-suffering or patience no doubt is a virtue worth emulating. Economic hardship and the daily stress of life can easily make one impatient and loose self-control causing tensions in relationships within the family, in workplaces, and in the community. But with the exercise of love, one is willing to suffer the tensions, weaknesses, and show kindness despite unfavora ble circumstances. There is humility in love. A truly humble person is not contentious and does not seek to compete to gain favor, honor, and praise from onlookers. One does not step on the rights of others just to be on the pedestal but recognizes personal limitations. In this highly competitive world, exercising true humility is a real challenge but with love, pride is conquered. Love is willing to forgive trespasses, conscious of the fact that every now and then humans err as a result of sinful tendencies. Love readily forgives and without harboring pain and revenge. This is a virtue that fosters peace and harmonious relationship. Love is truthful, faithful, loyal and prudent. When there is principled love, there is no deception, infidelity, and indecency. Love works for what is good towards all and is willing to suffer pain and inconvenience to allow some degree of comfort and joy to those who are in greater distress. God is love (1 John 4:8). Because love is the personification of God, and God is all goodness, then love encompasses all goodness. It is the source of all virtues. In an imperfect world, it is not always easy to exercise love and to live a virtuous life. Aside from imperfection, there is the pressure of everyday living and the influence of the people around. It is during trials that a virtue is magnified. In times of dire need, and extreme poverty it is a challenge to exercise love of neighbor through honesty. It requires strength and courage to return a wallet full of money when one badly needs money to buy food for the family or buy medicines for a sick loved one. Likewise it is extremely challenging to endure injustice when the suffering has become unbearable to the point of death. It is challenge to live a virtuous life when most of the people are no longer virtuous and yet they are living better lives and enjoying unreasonable profit of corruption and greed. Furthermore it is a real challenge to live a virtuous life, when one is raised i n a family whose culture is far from being virtuous. Love must be more overwhelming to conquer these challenges and live the excelling way of living a virtuous life. Elements in Society that Promotes a Virtuous Life To learn the ways of love is to learn the virtues to live. Love as the embodiment of virtues must be inculcated in the heart and mind right

Characteristics and Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Characteristics and Skills - Essay Example The most critical cycle for effective counseling is the 4Es cycle – On introspection as to why I have people turning to me for sharing their problems and going back with a sense of relief in my personal life, I have realized that I can build trust based relationships quickly that could actually help the aggrieved person. Some of the essential characteristics that I possess as an individual are strong yet effective communication, make an objective assessment of situations, the ability to call a spade a spade and communicating this reality to the person opposite in a way to empower them in their current situation and give feedback effectively has made me choose this particular professional career. The values that I bring to the table are the following Empathy is one of the soft skills that any person would need to be an effective counselor. Empathy actually means affection clubbed with passion touched by the quality of suffering. This particular characteristic is viewed by many professionals as the most important one in a helping relationship. â€Å"Empathy is often viewed as conveying sensitivity to the client and trying to understand what â€Å"walking in the other guy’s shoes† may feel like. The helper need not necessarily have undergone the experiences of a client to understand the client’s feelings (Brooks/cole - A division of Thomson learning, 2004).† Genuineness is another important aspect that any person who intends to take up a human service profession needs. Genuineness is the expression of true feelings. â€Å"To be a genuine helper, one must avoid role playing or feeling one way and acting another. Genuine helpers do not take refuge in any specific role, such as counselor or therapist. Genuineness involves self-disclosure. It implies a willingness to be known to others (Brooks/cole - A division of Thomson learning, 2004).† If the human service helper is genuine then

The end of the play Essay Example for Free

The end of the play Essay Sheila starts of in the inspector calls as quite a dependent child. She needs her parents to do everything for her and refers to them as Mummy and daddy when Sheilas parents tell her to do something she does it without a second thought. When the inspector has ended speaking to Birling, Sheila comes back into the play; She is curious and inquisitive about what everyone is talking about whats this about the streets? When Sheila finds out her dad sacked Eva Smith she questions him did you, dad. I found this very point quite a turning point in the attitude and behaviour of Sheila, as it is the first time she questions her father. Sheila gets distressed after hearing about this and really starts to feel for this girl who has just committed suicide. Sheila is starting to show feeling and consideration and is sad that this girl has just died. When the inspector starts to talk more Sheila starts to think for her you talk as if we were responsible. She has already started changing from the dependent little girl she was at the start. When the inspector starts to tell Sheila about what she did in milwards Sheila realises that she is caught up in this inspection as well. Sheila had got the same Eva smith sacked from milwards because Sheila had been in a bad temper and had got Eva smith sacked. This would make an audience dislike Sheila for doing this, as it was an unfair and selfish thing to do. This also makes Sheila seem snobbish. Sheila then redeems herself by saying that she feels guilty for Evas death. If I could help her now, I would. Showing this guilt would make the audience like her as her parents refuse to admit any guilt towards the Eva at all. The inspector says the name Daisy Renton to Gerald, Sheila watches Geralds face and knew he used to know her you gave yourself away as soon as he mentioned the name. Sheila has now totally changed from how she was acting at the start of the play. She has started to question Gerald and knows he has done something. Another important thing Sheila does at this point in the play is that she notices that the inspector has information on everybody and not to build up a wall against the inspector as he will break it down I hate to think how much he knows that we dont know yet. Sheila stays to hear everything that Eva and Gerald did together when Gerald was supposed to be with Sheila. This must have been very depressing for Sheila. When the inspector starts to question Mrs Birling, Sheila tells her mum not to build up a wall, as it will only be broken down. Sheila is really starting to make sense and has started to question her mother as well. Mother I begged you and begged you to stop. Sheila seems to be the only person who can understand what the inspector is doing. I think she is clever and wise to realise this. Sheila tells her parents and the inspector that Eric was a bit of a drinker, although Eric did not want his parents knowing this, this can be justified though for what Eric did to Eva under the influence of alcohol. When the inspector leaves Sheila seems to be the only person who cares about Eva Smith. Even after they discover the inspector was a hoax, Sheila is the only person who understands that all of these things happened to someone, even if the consequence was not fatal. When Gerald asks Sheila if she still wants the ring, Sheila says no, not yet, I must think. This makes you feel a bit sorry for her because the inspector has ruined her special day. Sheila could be considered as one of the most likeable characters because she shows concern and consideration for Eva while no on eels does. She all matures incredibly throughout the play and turns into a moral being which is hard to believe with parents as cold hearted as hers. I would also consider the most likeable character because the other characters cannot really be candidates because of how cold and the little if any, feelings they showed.

A Critical examination of leaders create organizational culture

A Critical examination of leaders create organizational culture Introduction In area of Management and leadership, one of the most crucial and effective factors that determine the performance and position of an organization in public sector is the organizational culture. Organizational culture has been studied extensively for the past 30 or more years (Schein E. H., 1985). Lots of books have been written and much research has been done about it, and also wide range of words applied to describe this notion. Although much different definitions have been presented on this keyword, most of them place their emphasis on common key aspects. Three comprehensive definitions have been gathered in table below: Definitions of organizational culture The pattern of shared beliefs and values that give members of an institution meaning and provide them with the rules for behaviour in their organizations. (Davis, 1984, p. 1). The set of important understandings (often unstated) that members of a community share in common. (Sathe, 1985, p. 6) A set of understandings or meanings shared by a group of people. The meanings are largely tacit among the members, are clearly relevant to a particular group and are distinctive to the group (Louis, 1985, p. 74) According to these definitions, two features of organizational culture seem bolder; first shared meanings and values among organization members and second introducing clear rules and behaviours in organization. Although, some argues that culture cannot be managed (Rabin, T Wachhaus. A, 2008, p. 1) , a correlation between culture and leadership has been identified (Frontiera, 2010). Schein announced this fact in his famous book-Organizational culture and leadership (2004): Culture is a dynamic phenomenon that surrounds us at all times, being constantly enacted and created by our reactions with others and shaped by leadership behaviour. So, attentions have been paid to culture aiming to manage and improve it in order to achieve defined goals. Leaders as persons who have crucial role in improving performance found it vital in organizational discourse. Schein introduced the mutual relation and effect between leadership and culture by the term intertwined (1992) .While culture can be affected by various factors, Senge pointed out that leaders have the most influence on organizational culture (2002, p. 24) : Building an organizations culture and shaping its evolution is the unique and essential function of leadership In this paper the focus is on the influence of leadership on organizational culture to examine to what extent the view that leaders create organizational culture is true. The approach that has been applied in this paper is studying the ways and channels through which leader creates and affects the culture of organization. Four major states have been studied in this area; model leader, strategist leader, ruling leader, and performance changing. Also, the other factors that create culture have been studied and the effect of culture on leadership has been analyzed. The conclusion shows the indirect role of leader in creating culture except through becoming model. In addition, other factors have decisive role in shaping culture. Before the start of this study, clearing the concept of leadership is required. What is leadership? Who is a leader? The concept of leadership has been defined in various ways. Some stated it as a process, for instance Northouse believe that it is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (2007, p. 3). Also, Stogdill analyzed it as influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts toward goal setting and goal achievement (1974). By these two types of definitions, leader can be known as a person who makes decisions, sets directions, makes things happen and often He is recognisable at the top of organization. Leader carries out this process by applying their leadership knowledge and skills. (Jago, 1982) Hence leader is placed at top of organization and clarifies strategies and directions, has most effects on the culture of organizations. In following next parts some ways by which leader affects culture have been examined. Leader; as a model In an organization the leadership and the behaviours of leader become an ideal pattern for followers, and a stream of organizational deportment would flow from top (leader) to down (followers). This case often happens in transformational type of leadership in which leader has charismatic features (Harms, p Crede, M, 2010). Bass and Avolio described transformational leader as able to motivate others to do more than they originally intended and often more than they thought possible (1993). As the organizational culture is made of behaviours and manners, charismatic leader cultivates a particular method of comportment in climate. Culture of an organization consists of different areas; competitiveness, social responsibility, innovation, stability, performance orientation, and supportiveness. So, the manner of leader affects every area of organizational culture and this top-down influence can lead to affirmative or mortal outcomes in performance (Sarros, J. Gray, J and Densten, I, 2002). By way of illustration, this can be studied in realm of Innovation and change; Fishman and Kavanaugh claimed that the culture of an organization and how people respond to change and innovation is shaped substantially by the behaviours of the leader (1989). Smith revealed that leaders behaviours can be followed by employees (2010); Leaders are the role models and when they walk the talk long enough, fairly soon these values become standard procedure. Leaders are lent very crucial and decisive position by which they influence the culture of organization through leading motivation, attendance and attitude of followers in organizational operation. This can be found in Amabile suggestion (1998): By influencing the nature of the work environment and organizational culture, leaders can affect organizational members attitude to work related change and motivation. Schein assumed culture begins from leaders who impose their own values and assumptions on a group (2004, p. 2). Leader as a ruler Leaders externalize their own assumptions and embed them into structures, mission, goals and working procedures gradually and consistently (Schein E. H., 2004, p. 406). In one hand, a leader make decisions and determine rules, and in the other hand organizational culture is described as a set of structures, routines, rules and norms that guide the constrain behaviour (Schein E. H., Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2004). So, leadership manipulates organizational culture through ruling in organization. Dull reflected this fact in the other way (2010): Public sector leaders attempt to cultivate organizational culture as a means of controlling administrative behaviour and building organizational competence, defined as the skill and capacity to accomplish necessary tasks Here the culture described as a tool for improving procedures to facilitate achieving goal. This case can be examined when leader feels sure about a needful innovation in organization. For promoting change, beside other necessities, leader has to provide a firm ground for implementing innovation; this ground is formal procedures and actions. As Armenakis et al. claimed leaders can modify formal structures, procedures, and human resource management practices (1999). So, leader initiates change and clarifies orientation of organization; he arrives to alter proceeds for reaching ends. In reality, changing procedures interpreted as changing culture. Leader as strategist Stewart declared that the strategy of an organization gives it identity based on its functions, Also it clarifies what an organization is and what it is doing (2004). Strategy forms culture of through highlighting tasks, directions, positions and behaviours . The change management strategy or approach selected by leaders will result in shifts in organizational culture. (Kavanagh, H Ashkanasy, N, 2006) By understanding the importance of strategy and its relation with culture, leader enters this relation and influence culture in two ways; first standing between strategy and culture, second use the strategy as a tool for modifying culture. Fernandez and Rainey interpreted strategy as a course of action for implementing changes (2006). Despite strategy plays a crucial role in organization, this is the role of leader to translate it into a course of actions. Goldsmith explains to CEO (chief executive officer) how leaders are needed to communicate and execute an organization s strategy. (2009) When leaders and their executive teams take an active role in implementing strategies, this is a commitment to ensure the ideas or strategies become part of the organisation. Insightful leaders realise that for strategies to be successfully integrated into their organisations, they must align, measure, market and package the strategy to their business, customers and investment community as they would with any marketing campaign. While strategy introduces direction of an organization, it is just on the paper. The best-planned strategy is no more than wishful thinking if it cannot be translated from concept to reality (Hsieh, T and Yik, S, 2005) .Here it is leader who translates it from language of paper to a course of actions. Speculand has studied the decisive role of leadership and placed his special emphasis on leaders in success and failure of implementing strategies (2009). So, leader as a median interprets strategy into organization procedure, role, and belief. This action forms the culture; in this area culture is set of behaviours and procedures that are defined by strategy. In this process leader injects strategy into the body of organization. In reality, leader makes strategy feasible, and at the same time forms culture. But it is not whole the story about relation of strategy and culture. Leader alters climate of organization by applying strategy as a tool too. In other words, leader stands at the top and place strategy between him and culture; actually, leader applies strategy as a means to influence organizational culture. This is deducted from the role of leader in designing strategies, Where Abramson and Lawrence claimed (2001): Managerial leaders must develop a course of action or strategy for implementing change. Convincing the members of an organization of the need for change is obviously not enough to bring about actual change. The new idea or vision must be transformed into a course of action or strategy with goals and a plan for achieving it Changing performance The performance of an organization is effective factor through which leader influence the culture. Wikipedia defined Performance defined as the activity of a unit (be it individual, team, department, or division) of an organization intended to accomplish some desired result (2011). This item is evaluated by measuring outputs and outcomes. There is a multilateral and at the same time mutual relation among leadership, culture and performance. In other words, they are interdependent (i.e. leadership and climate are subject to affect by the status of performance of organization). To understand this linkage a circle of relation between leader, climate and performance should be studied. It can be understood from this circle that leader can affect culture through changing performance. In this network of linkage leader affects culture and alter its elements through changing performance and informing employees about it. This influence occurs through the Feedback. Feedback typically consists of information provided to an individual for the purpose of an increase in performance (Kluger, A. N. Denisi, A., 1996). There is variety of feedback forms, which are described by different aspects. One kind of feedback is outcome feedback in which information concerning performance outcomes. (Balcazar, F., Hopkins, B. L., Suarez, Y, 1986) It seems positive and constructive, to inform employees about high performance and improvement of outcomes. Geister et al. concluded in their case study that information and feedback about the team situation is crucial to improving the motivation, satisfaction, and performance of members in virtual teams. (2006) Leader affects the culture of organization indirectly through improving performance and diffusing information about it, an action which leads to a healthy, motivate and more evolutionary climate. If decisions and policies leader applied led to quality performance, it encourages atmosphere of hardworking, competition, integration and responsibility but in fragile situation and poor performance culture would collapse. Culture creates leader, a challenge While the impact of leader on culture is a considerable fact and has been studied and proved in many cases, some opinions challenged it. In an attempt to address this theoretical disagreement, Sarros et al. surveyed over 1,900 managers in Australia and found that leadership was a far more prominent predictor of culture than culture was of leadership. (2002) As it has been mentioned there are an interdependent relations among leadership, culture and performance, so it is a noticeable reality that leader is affected by culture too. Hatch claimed that it is difficult for leaders to have any impact on culture, as culture has a larger influence on leaders. (1993) Schein asserted that while leaders create culture in the early stages of an organization, culture creates leaders as an organization matures. He claimed that culture is deep, broad, and stable. It can be an unconscious determinant of who gets hired, who gets promoted and rewarded, and indeed, how the vision, mission, and strategy are lived. (2004) Culture of organization is a very decisive factor, so leader has to apply appropriate way of leading which does work in that climate. Smith et al. have sought for a proper model of leadership in China by regarding effects of cultural backgrounds (1997), which reflect the crucial role of culture in determining leadership style. It seems imperfect and naÃÆ'Â ¯f to study the relation of leader and climate unilaterally. The relation is mutual and should be studied in this way to achieve a perfect view. Other factors as actors While leadership plays a core role in creating organizational culture, other factors affect climate and even can take it out of control of leader. Culture can be affected by different internal and external factors. As the culture has defined as meanings and behaviours of members, the organizational members are effective actors. Krizek views culture as patterns of meaning and interpretation-whether these patterns emerge among management or employees. So, before leader creates culture, it has been constituted by members beliefs and thoughts as internal actors (2005). As another internal factor, type of function and business of organization conducts the elements of culture. (Schein E. H., Organizational Culture and Leadership, 1992) In other words the mission of organization is a set of beliefs about its core competences (Schein E. H., Organizational Culture and Leadership, 2004, p. 89). External forces may or may not influence the communicative and cultural makeup of an organization. (Cheney, 2001) Examples of external forces include, but are not limited to, economics, education, family, law, media, politics, religion, and technology. External environment and constraints have a considerable role in determining climate of organizations. As, leader has to make situation and organization ready to cope with external environment, any change in environment leads to change policies, behaviours and routines and finally innovates the culture. Schein pointed out that if the environmental context is changing such conflict can be a potential source of adaption and new learning. (2004, p. 108) Organizational culture is influenced by social and national culture of the area in which it is situated. National beliefs, stories, type of thinking and values affect the climate of organization. So, leader is situated in a set of actors that shape culture and is not exclusive actor. Conclusion In this paper the view that leaders create organizational culture has been examined critically. At the first the culture defined as a set of routines, behaviour, meanings and understandings that is shared among members of an organization. Leader defined as who make decision, determine directions and make things happen or not to happen. It has been proved that leaders have a noticeable role in creating organizational climate. The first way through which culture forms by leader is by the stream of meaning, behaviour and beliefs as an ideal method or pattern from top (leader) to down (employees). In this statement employees are assumed as followers who are affected by the nature of leader. As a short explanation, Leadership consists of attributes and skills that determine not only the nature of enterprise, in all its manifestations, but the overall nature of society and the world (Sarros, J. Gray, J. Densten, I, 2002). In this way leaders are charismatic persons by whom followers behaviours consciously or unconsciously are affected. The second conduit for influencing culture is ruling. Leader is top ruler in organization who directs routines, structures and procedures. It has been assumed that by doing these affairs, leader is manipulating culture or changing its elements. In this statement changing culture described as changing procedures and formal administrative process. In third way the focus has been put on strategy. Strategy is the manifestation of mission, directions, tasks and rules and has a strong correlation with culture. It has been expressed that leader affects culture through strategy in two ways. First way is attempt to codify and provide strategy. In this state leader as a strategist inject beliefs and preference into strategy and determine culture through it. The second channel is to standing between strategy and culture in order to interpret and implement it in preferred way. The other area which has been studied is performance. It assumed that leader plays remarkable role in changing performance and the status of outcomes of organization affect the culture directly. The impact of high performance in healthy culture and poor one in weak climate mentioned in this paper. These four ways illustrate the crucial role of leadership in creating culture. But in last two sections of paper this role has been challenged in two statements. First is that while leader creates culture, culture creates leader too. As mentioned, culture is stable and has elements that determine which style of leadership is required and who can be the organizational leader. As, Schein assumes leadership and culture as two sides of one coin, cultural norms define how a given nation or organization will define leadership. (2004) In addition, some factors like external environment, employees beliefs, business of organization, and national culture introduced as factors which affect organizational culture. In conclusion, it should be claimed that the effects of leadership in shaping culture is noticeable and can be realized by studying it through different ways. But the more crucial point is that the effect is not directly except in first way in which leader becomes a pattern for followers. In all conditions leader can apply some policies by which affects culture. Employees play decisive role in changing climate, and leaders dont change culture, they merely invite their people to change the culture (Hillis). So, leader is not the exclusive actor in influencing culture. Other factors should be studied so that an effective innovation and successful change in culture can be achieved.

The Themes of Antigone :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Themes of Antigone Antigone is credited as one of the best works of Sophocles, ranked by most modern critics above Oedipus the King. There are many aspects of Antigone that make it the play critics love to ramble about. â€Å"Antigone must be received as the canon of ancient tragedy: no tragedy of antiquity that we possess approaches it in pure idealism, or in harmony of artistic development† says one critic named Berhardy. Tragedy is usually concerned with a person of great stature, a king or nobleman, who falls because of hubris, or extreme pride and Antigone is no exception. Pride and its effects are a central part of Antigone’s plot and theme. Pride, being part of their character and morality, overran in to their literature and was a complex and multifaceted concept in Greek tragedy, exemplified by Sophocles’ Antigone. In the play both Creon and Antigone were incredibly proud and unwilling to back down once they took their stands. Creon had made a decision and was unwilling to compromise. Antigone was to die for her violation of the law, the sin of burying her brother. Antigone’s gender had a profound affect on the meaning of her actions. Creon had disliked for her disrespectful and rebelling nature. His need to defeat her was all the more pressing because she was a woman. â€Å"The ideal of the female character in Antigone is boldly and severely outlined. The freedom of Greek women was extremely limited and restrictive. Antigone’s rebellion is threatening because it upset the gender roles and hierarchy. Creon was a sympathetic character but abused his power. One of the purposes of the Chorus is to illustrate the sway of public opinion. In the end of the play, Creon is ruler over an orderly city, but he has lost everything dear to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Closely related to the theme of gender, the theme of Inaction/Lack of Agency versus Agency plays itself out in the contrast between Antigone and her sister Ismene. Ismene chooses to do nothing under the threat of the law whereas Antigone chooses to act despite the possible penalties. Antigone and Creon are both championing what is right, but they define rightness through different sets of values. In Antigone, Creon finally recognized that he has been misguided and that his actions have led to the death of his wife and son. Antigone’s persistence in disobeying Creons decree falls under the themes of Individual verses State: Conscience versus Law: Moral or Divine Law versus Human Law.

Is Modern Society Really Great? Essay -- Society Societies Culture Ess

Is Modern Society Really Great? All our lives we have been taught that change is good, but perhaps we should begin questioning our knowledgeable teachers. All non-western countries are changing today. They too are leaving behind traditional society and making the adjustment to Modern Society. Modern society is very different from traditional society. Traditional society had a low level of urbanization; in fact, 95% of the people lived in agricultural and rural areas. These areas were basically self-sufficient where the people took care of themselves. They did not need to seek help from others; instead they simply raised their own animals, planted and harvested their own crops, made their own clothes, and tended to their own chores. In contrast, there is high urbanization in a modern society. Approximately ninety-nine percent of the people live in urban or suburban areas. This high urbanization in return causes people to become interdependent. They no longer have the land or resources to depend on, therefore they turn to others. The birth rate also varies between traditional and modern societies. Women in traditional societies gave birth to many children, because many children made light work. The more children a family had the more hands they had for their chores. Parents in traditional societies have high expectations for their children and delegate many duties. Children in modern societies have a much simpler life. The average child today spends hours watching television and playing video games rather then tending to chores or helping their parents. People of modern societies have less children which is proven through the recorded low birth rates. It is very expensive to raise a child in a modern society; therefore, m... ...iggest mean at about one or two in the afternoon, took a nap, and then finished their remaining chores. His grandparents spent most evenings socializing. They were a very religious couple and thankful of all of their family members. This example shows that although traditional societies are much different then our own society; people are possibly more happy and satisfied with the simplicity of their lives. There is no way of proving which society is better, but there is a way of proving that everyone is content with their own society. It would be difficult for someone of a modern society to be completely convinced that their society is wrong, just as it would be difficult for someone of a traditional society to be totally convinced that there is a better way of life. Although completely different, traditional and modern societies are both liked by their people.

Find out the concentration of the cell contents of a potato :: GCSE Biology A2 A-Level Coursework

Find out the concentration of the cell contents of a potato Introduction Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration of solute through a partially permeable membrane. This lets smaller molecules such as water, pass through but does not allow bigger molecules through. The molecules continue to diffuse until they reach a balanced state, where no area has a higher or lower concentration than any other. In a high concentration of water the amount of sugar solution is low. This is called a weak/dilute solution. In a weak concentration of water the amount of sugar solution is high. This is called a strong/concentrated solution. When a semi-permeable membrane divides two solutions, the water will move from the area of high concentration to the area of low concentration, until both sides are equal. Aim To find out how much sugar concentration there is in a cell of a potato. This means I will put the potato cylinders in different solutions of different concentrations. There are also other factors involved, these are:  · Temperature of water  · Size of potato cylinder  · Mass of potato cylinder  · Volume of solution potato cylinder is in  · Type of potato  · Time left in solution Fair Testing If this experiment isn’t a fair test, we will be collecting the wrong results, which can lead us to the wrong conclusions. To conduct a fair test I will ensure that the experiment is carried out at room temperature. The size of the potato is an important factor, as the amount of weight lost or gained will alter. Also the potato cylinders will be weighed before and after the experiment to see if osmosis has taken place. The type of potato I will use will stay the same as different potatoes may absorb at different rates. Planned Method A range of sugar solutions will be arranged with concentrations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Sections of potato will be cut with a scalpel and measured with a ruler. This has to be done carefully as the difference of surface area may allow more or less osmosis to occur. The mass of each cylinder will be weighed to ensure consistency. I will do each experiment three times so that I can take an average for each sugar solution. By doing this I will receive more accurate results and therefore draw up a more accurate conclusion. I will also use 20 ml of each solution and of tap water. The potato cylinders will then be left for 15 minutes. When the cylinders are removed I will clean them with a paper towel, to remove excess moisture, and then re-weigh them. Prediction For this investigation, I think the lower the concentration of the

Project: First Aid Kit Essay

First aid kit was invented by Johnson in the late 1890’s. First aid kit got its name is by Johnson’s first aid kit. The first aid kit formed in the 11th century, to help the pilgrims and knights and also train the other knights and pilgrims to help cure the injured people. So that’s how and why many of us now use Johnson first aid kit to cure illness and injured people. We all have our first aid kits in cabinet’s rooms or offices and some in cars. But it is helpful and safe to keep a first aid kit with us in our car, homes, jobs, and everywhere we might go that might be dangerous for us or little ones and is good to have one in your purses or children’s backpack when they go camping or go to school or walk home or walk to school. The first time that the first aid was ever used was in the middle ages. Then in the 1859 the trained villagers came back to help the illness and injured ones in the battle of the soldering. Then, four years later, more villagers were trained and they formed a new group that we now call the Red Cross to help others during illness or injury but also through losing their homes in a hurricane, like the one in New Jersey with the hurricane Sandy. So there is where we are using the first aid, many developments in the first aid have been used by the wars in worldwarI, worldwarII, and American Civil War. Clara Barton was prompted to organize the American Red Cross during Civil War. Today, there are many groups that use the Johnson first aid kit, so many of us use it in the military and the scouting movement. New techniques and equipment have helped make today’s Johnson first aid kit simple and effective. What is first aid? Well, first aid is not always to be used to cure injured or illness animals or people; it can also be used to help those who have  lost their homes in a hurricane or fire. And is most of the time to cure the sick ones and injured ones. What did I learn while I was typing this essay? I have learned a lot! Most of all I learned that the first aid is not always used to cure illness or injury people it is used to help those in need that have lost their homes or need help to keep their homes. I also learned where the first aid name came from it came from the inventor named Johnson, first aid in the late 1890’s and then formed the American Red Cross. I also accomplished that where and who the inventor was and how the name was formed so there we all know if you’re like me wondering where those answers are of who, when, and where was the first aid came from well there you go because I found all those answer for you.

Facebook Effect

Facebook effects Social network makes a big change into our life. Facebook is a new place to communicate, and entertain. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, is an absolutely talented person. The creation of Facebook let us easier to communicate and share our opinion to other, and this is the reason makes Facebook becomes so popular. As the facebook is getting famous, people fall so deeply in Facebook which they spend too much time on it. Facebook has a big influence on us; we should reduce the amount of time that we wasted on it.One reason, facebook can affect the relationship between friends and family. One function of facebook is chat or message; this function replaced face to face communication or phone. Most of the teenager use chat instead of other communication’s ways, this cause them forget how to converse when face to face. As the facebook becomes more convenient for us, we apply more time on it. It may disturb the time we shared with family or someone you love.For e xample, facebook can increase jealousy in a relationship, because you can know everything by checking other person’s wall. It may makes more argues or breaks up. Another reason, facebook can indirectly change our health. With the new technology, the social network isn’t just on our computer, it also locate on our cell phone. We pay out lot of time to look at the small screen phone when we are on the bed, on transportation, and in the cafe. This behavior is so harmful that our eyes will hurt a lot.Facebook is a public environment for us to commend or communicate with other. However, some people wrote negative commend on someone status or wall, it possibly will hurt that person feeling and this is a form of mental damage. The main reason why we should reduce the time of being online on Facebook is because it can affect our education, especially children. Most of the children don’t have a good self control. Therefore they will use tons of time for chatting with fri ends, analyzing their wall and playing game on facebook.Since they spend most of the day on facebook, they will forget or procrastinate to do their homework assignment. This will drop down their grade in school. Slang is another big problem on education. While we are talking through message, we usually put slang into our sentence. This decreases our knowledge of English, and we will feel confusion while we are writing a regular essay. Facebook also contains unconstructive and harmful information, which can manipulate the children to do something wrong. Facebook predominately change our life.It is a wonderful social site where we meet new friend and entertain ourselves. Although facebook is an excellent place for us to communicate, it has several bad effects on us. Facebook can destroy our relationship between family and friend. If you stay online for too long every day, you will sense that you health will probably get worst and it will affect our grade in school too. Even though fac ebook can reduce our stress, we should reduce the time that we used on facebook In order to balance our life.

Spirometry Report Essay

Use your PowerPoint notes, lab book, text book, your data, and the Internet to answer the following questions. All reports must be typed and stapled. All reports must be in your own words. One student from each group should include the LabTutor-generated data tables and/or graphs. Exercise 1: Pulmonary function tests Respiratory parameterUnitsExperimental ValuePredicted Value* BPM14 TVL0.490L IRVL1.984L ERVL0.905L RVL1.45L   1. What is the residual volume and why is it important to normal respiratory function? – Residual volume is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of forced expiration – It is important to normal respiratory function because it helps to keep the alveoli patent (open) and prevent lung collapse. It decreases the efficiency of gas exchange by diluting the oxygen of the inspired air. 2. Briefly describe Spirometry. – Spirometry is the most common of the pulmonary function tests, measuring lung function, specifically the volume and the flow of air that can be inhaled and exhaled. – Spirometry is the most useful for evaluating losses in respiration function and for following the course of certain respiratory disease. 3. Explain why the residual volume cannot be determined by Spirometry. -Because pirometry can only measure how much air is moving out of or into the lungs, not how much is contained at a particular time. 4. You are a Nurse working a 19:00 to 07:00 shift. There are no attending physicians on your service and all the residents are sleeping. One of your patients is demonstrating signs of dyspnea. You call the respiratory service and an RT responds and conducts a PFT (Spirometry)  series on your patient. There is a â€Å"malfunction† with the equipment and the RT tells you that you can only have â€Å"one value†!! Which value do you choose and why? (3 pt). -I choose value the TV â€Å"Tidal volume†, because I would like to know the amount of air inhaled and exhaled with breath under resting conditions of the patients. Exercises 2 & 3: Pulmonary Function Tests: Compare the respiratory parameters between normal and simulated obstruction. Recall, we simulated an obstructive pulmonary disorder by covering the tube with duct tape and cutting an opening in it about the size of a pen’s diameter. Using the Horizontal Compression controls and the scroll bar, display the data for both normal pulmonary function tests (Exercise 2) and the simulated restricted airway (Exercise 3) for inclusion in your report. Normal: Respiratory parameterExperimentalPredicted FVC3.392L PIF214.55L/min PEF237.09L/min FEV12.438L FEV1/FVC71.88% Simulated Airway Restiction: Respiratory parameterExperimentalPredicted FVC2.101L PIF24.04L/min PEF26.24L/min FEV10.188L FEV1/FVC8.95% Study Questions 5.There are two major categories that lung diseases fall into: Obstructive and Restrictive. Construct a small table for each lung condition (obstructive or restrictive) and predict what spirometry parameters that we measured in lab would most likely be decreased, which parameters would most  likely be unchanged, and which parameters (if any) might be increased. (3 pt). ObstructiveRestrictive FVCnormal or minimally decreased decrease PIF PEF FEV1decreasenormal or minimally decreased FEV1/FVCdecreaseNormal or increase TLCNormal or increasedecrease 6. Explain the pathologies of Obstructive and Restrictive pulmonary diseases. Include in your discussion why these pathologies result in the signs and symptoms of each disease class. Also name at least two conditions associated with each major pulmonary disease class (i.e. Chronic Bronchitis-Obstructive) (3 pt). – Obstructive pulmonary diseases have shortness of breath due to difficulty exhaling all the air from the lungs. Because of damage to the lungs or narrowing of the airways inside the lungs, exhaled air comes out more slowly than normal. At the end of a full exhalation, an abnormally high amount of air may still linger in the lungs. * Two conditions associated with obstructive pulmonary diseases are: a) Asthma b) COPD which include the emphysema and chronic bronchitis. – Restrictive pulmonary diseases cannot fully fill their lungs with air. The lungs are restricted from fully expanding. * Two conditions associated with restrictive pulmonary diseases are: a) Pneumonia: b) Scoliosis 7. Describe the physiology of the FEV1/FVC ratio and what is the clinical significance of an abnormal ratio? DO NOT provide the definition of the ratio (3 pt). – The significance is that it describes the effectiveness of how well an individuals lungs can turn over its total volume in 1 second. – The clinical significance of an abnormal ratio is 8. What values have been affected by simulated airway restriction? FVC 9. Are these values the ones you would expect to be altered in â€Å"real† restrictive pulmonary disease? Why or why not? (2 pt). Yes. Because we would expect to know the value of the airflow is constantly decreasing, if it was restrictive the volumes and capacities would have been affected more than what it was. 10. Based on how the subject felt during this lab exercise, what â€Å"coaching† would you give to a patient having an asthma attack in an attempt to get them to move more air. Refer to your Physiology of Breathing lecture notes. This is one of the few times I want to see a direct reference (3 pt). – Using the quick relief inhaler (like the albuterol) as prescribed using a spacer, if it is available. * Shake inhaler, exhale, release one puff, inhale, hold breath for 10 seconds, exhale and wait 1 minute. Repeat till at directed dose. * Inhale slowly and deeply when using a spacer. – If the patients have no inhaler, keep the patients calm and encourage breath slowly. Let the patients sit up and breath in slowly through the nose and out through purse slip.

Internet Marketing Essay

What is Marketing? Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. What is Internet Marketing? Internet Marketing is the process of building and maintaining customer relationships through online activities to facilitate the exchange of ideas, products, and services that satisfy the goals of both parties. Introduction Internet marketing, or online marketing, refers to advertising and marketing efforts that use the Web and e-mail to drive direct sales via e-commerce as  well as sales leads from Web sites or emails. Internet marketing and online advertising efforts are typically used in conjunction with traditional types of advertising like radio, television, newspapers and magazines. Internet marketing can also be broken down into more specialized areas such as Web marketing, email marketing and social media marketing: ï‚ §Web marketing includes e-commerce Web sites, affiliate marketing Web sites, promotional or informative Web sites, online advertising on search engines, and organic search engine results via search engine optimization (SEO) ï‚ §Email marketing involves both advertising and promotional marketing efforts via e-mail messages to current and prospective customers ï‚ §Social media marketing involves both advertising and marketing (includingviral marketing) efforts via social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Digg. Objectives of online marketing †¢To inform users of your web presence and the benefit your website offers over its competitors. †¢To persuade users to use the services of the firm. This could be done by offering a discount for a limited time. †¢To make sure the business is listed in all the most popular search engines and directories. †¢Keep customers updated of any new products or changes to business services. †¢Make sure that customer have a pleasant website experience by continuously improving the navigation of the site. †¢To aim for sales of x amount and net profit of x amount in a given period. Objectives of a business having a retail outlet/ showroom. †¢To reduce costs by moving some of their operations online. †¢To integrate online and offline strategies to maintain and improve relationships with customers. This could be by offering reserve online and pick up in store strategies like some retailers do. †¢The company’s strategy should support the overall marketing objectives of the firm this maybe to increase overall market share or profit. †¢To promote both online and offline activities. Advantages of Internet Marketing[7][8][9] Internet marketing is important because it aligns with the way consumers make purchasing decisions. Studies by analysts such as Gartner indicate that increasing numbers of consumers use social media and research on mobile Internet to carry out preliminary product and price research before making final decisions. Internet marketing enables you to build relations with customers and prospects through regular, low-cost personalized communication, reflecting the move away from mass marketing. †¢Convenience. Internet marketing enables you to be open for business around the clock without worrying about store opening hours or overtime payments for staff. Offering your products on the Internet is also convenient for customers. They can browse your online store at any time and place orders when it is convenient for them. †¢Reach. By marketing on the Internet, you can overcome barriers of distance. You can sell goods in any part of the country without setting up local outlets, widening your target market. You can also build an export business without opening a network of distributors in different countries. However, if you want to sell internationally, you should use localization services to ensure that your products are suitable for local markets and comply with local business regulations. Localization services include translation and product modification to reflect local market differences. †¢Cost. Marketing products on the Internet costs less than marketing them through a physical retail outlet. You do not have the recurring costs of property rental and maintenance. You do not have to purchase stock for display in a store. You can order stock in line with demand, keeping your inventory costs low. †¢Personalization. Internet marketing enables you to personalize offers to customers by building a profile of their purchasing history and preferences. By tracking the web pages and product information that prospects visit, you can make targeted offers that reflect their interests. The information available from tracking website visits also provides data for planning cross-selling campaigns so that you can increase the value of sales by customer. †¢Relationships. The Internet provides an important platform for building relationships with customers and increasing customer retention levels. When a customer has purchased a product from your online store, you can begin the relationship by sending a follow-up email to confirm the transaction and thank the customer. Emailing customers regularly with special, personalized offers helps to maintain the relationship. You can also invite customers to submit product reviews on your website, helping to build a sense of community. †¢Social. Internet marketing enables you to take advantage of the growing importance of social media. An article on the Harvard Business School Executive Education website highlighted the link between social networking and online revenue growth. According to the article, a group of consumers that responded most strongly to the influence of social networks generated increased sales of around 5 percent. You can take advantage of this type of influence by incorporating social networking tools in your Internet marketing campaigns. Disadvantages of Internet Marketing[7][8][9] †¢Competition. Nowadays there is cut-throat competition among various companies. Online marketing gives you an opportunity to attract international audience but at the same time you are also inviting the international market competition for your business. †¢Online Illiteracy. A majority of people who don’t have any knowledge about the online marketing companies fail to make any impact. You have to be very wise while targeting the right audience for promoting your product online. †¢Changing Technology. Science and technology are doing wonders these days. People are changing with the technology and so do the online software. You have to keep in touch with the latest technology and adopt the necessary software which are quite costly. †¢Personal attention. There is lack of personal attention given to a customer when they are shopping online on your website. Some people love to take advice which is not possible in online marketing. †¢Maintenance. It is very essential for a website get upgraded after regular intervals. But this is not practically possible because reconstructing the websites consumes a lot a time. †¢Slow internet connections can cause difficulties. If the companies build too complex or too large websites, it will take too long for users to check them or download them and they will get bored eventually. †¢The e-commerce doesn’t allow the user â€Å"to touch† the merchandise before purchasing it. Because of this, some salesmen are starting to guarantee the possibility of returning the product. In Germany, where a law that regulates e-commerce and guarantees the customers the total refund of the money exists since 2000, the electronic commerce is very popular. †¢Other factor is the payment: many users still don’t trust in the electronic methods of paying and give up buying online because of this. †¢One of the major disadvantages may be the lack of trust of the users because of the constant virtual promotions that appear to be frauds. This is an aspect that deteriorates the image and reputation of quality and honest companies. †¢Other disadvantage is the cash on delivery system, since it doesn’t guarantee the 100% purchase of the product. This is also the case of thousands of users that dedicate themselves to daily mock big companies by ordering on the internet using false identities. The Questionnaire I sent out the questionnaire to friends and colleagues who work at advertisement and marketing agencies with a good client base. These companies deal in all kinds of marketing and not only online marketing. I got a lot of responses from them. These were the questions asked: How long has your company been making or trying to make money through online marketing? †¢Less than a month †¢1 month- 6 months †¢6 months- 1 year †¢1 year- 3 years †¢3 years+ How much money is your company earning online per month? †¢Not earning money †¢Rs 1000- Rs 5000 †¢Rs 5000- Rs 20000 †¢Rs 20000- Rs 50000 †¢Rs 50000+ What’s the most troublesome problem your company has about making money online? †¢Don’t have enough technology †¢Not enough time to focus only on online marketing †¢Not enough funds †¢Too complicated †¢Others What tools/ software (that would save time and effort) would you be likely to purchase to help assist in online marketing? †¢Traffic tools that help generate visitors †¢Content tools that help create fast content †¢Designing tools that help design good quality graphics †¢Research tools that help in research and gathering of data †¢Others The Results The results in a nutshell †¢More than 3/4th of the respondents have more than 1 year experience making money online, yet most have not earned any money yet, or at most Rs1000- Rs 5000 per month. †¢The 3 biggest problems that are preventing/hindering people from making money in online marketing are that they do not have the technical skills and that they find it a complicated task to get into online marketing on a large scale. Not enough technical skills – You don’t actually need to learn and master all the technical skills. If you do, then stop calling yourself an internet marketer and start calling yourself a programmer. You only need to learn basic technical skills such as using an FTP program, installing your Word Press blog, create a basic html page, connecting your domain and hosting together. These skills, like any other skills, can be learned. The question is: are you willing to? Not enough traffic – Traffic by itself is useless if you can’t convert them into money , or if you can’t convert them into whatever you’re trying to achieve. In other words, you need conversion to make your traffic worthwhile. Search engine optimization You can do some Search engine optimization to rank your  sites highly in the search engines. To get conversion, the best way is to target the right audience who are already searching for what you are selling (so you don’t need to educate them that they need your solution/product). Then build trusting relationships with them, and the first way to start doing that is to actually tell your audience who you are as an individual, and start giving instead of receiving all the time. Not enough money – This is a classic. Not enough money to make money online means you don’t have the money to pay for business expenses like domain, hosting, email auto responder services, legitimate and honest how-to courses, etc. The company can spend less money by writing, designing, or programming the online ad/ marketing strategy. †¢More people are into niche marketing (where you enter multiple niche markets) rather than into 1 or 2 markets where you go deep and establish yourself as an authority in the marketplace. In a few cases the companies have a very limited number o f clients. This helps them focus on the needs of selected companies and is able to provide good quality work. †¢In terms of tools/software that saves time and efforts by automating tasks, people preferred to use tools that help in designing graphics and tools that help generate visitors. Survey conducted by SEO Industries- A U.S based industry[5][6][10] I picked up a survey along with statistics that was conducted by SEO industries in 2012 and have compared it to their previous survey conducted in 2010. And have posted my conclusions at the end of each sub topic. A Typical Online Marketer So, what did a typical internet marketer in the 2012 survey look like? I know â€Å"typical† is a dangerous word, but just for fun, here’s a persona of our average respondent: †¢47%Based in United States †¢77%Male †¢46%26-34 years old †¢18%Works at 2-5 person company †¢23%3-5 years in online marketing †¢35%Started as an in-house marketer †¢46%Currently works as an in-house †¢19%Makes $30,000-45,000 Conclusion The US accounts for a large part of our audience. Female respondents increased slightly from the 2010 survey, from 20.6% to 22.7% – that’s 10.2% more women in the survey this year, but still a sizable gender gap. International Marketers 65 countries have been represented in the 2012 survey. Many people asked last time to see more than the top 10 countries, so here are the top 25, by % of respondents: †¢47.3%United States †¢12.9%United Kingdom †¢4.4%Canada †¢4.0%India †¢3.3%Australia †¢2.4%Germany †¢2.0%Netherlands †¢1.8%Spain †¢1.3%France †¢1.2%Romania †¢1.1%Brazil †¢1.1%Italy †¢0.9%Israel †¢0.8%India †¢0.7%Ireland †¢0.7%South Africa †¢0.6%Bulgaria †¢0.6%Denmark †¢0.6%Hungary †¢0.6%Pakistan †¢0.6%Philippines †¢0.6%Poland †¢0.5%China †¢0.5%New Zealand †¢0.5%Sweden Conclusion US representation decreased from the 2010 survey (53% to 47%), while the UK grew from 9% to almost 13%. Israel fell out of the Top 10 from the #4 position in 2010, and Brazil slipped to 11th, while Romania narrowly pushed its way into the #10 spot. Service Mix and Demand Not surprisingly, most respondents (92%) have SEO services as part of their mix. The rest of the top 5 breaks down like this (keep in mind that most respondents offer multiple services other than online marketing): †¢92%Search Engine Optimization †¢82%Analytics †¢71%Link building †¢71%Content marketing †¢70%Social Media and/or Community Management This matches up pretty well with perceived demand changes over the past year. These are the top 5 service areas that our respondents believe are growing (as % of respondents): †¢72%Social media and/or community management †¢71%Search Engine Optimization †¢65%Local SEO †¢56%Content marketing †¢54%Analytics Conclusion Topping the list of services with the biggest decrease in demand are – Event planning (67%), Offline marketing (51%), and PR (48%). Of course, it’s important to note that they have strongly focused on online marketing, so these decreases are probably just the natural evolution of our industry. Training and conferences Most of us still get our industry education online, but in-person events round out the top 5: †¢93%Online resources – blogs, websites, etc. †¢88%Hands-on experience †¢64%Read a book †¢53%Attended a conference †¢50%Attended training seminars/workshops Over half of respondents have attended a conference in the past two years (including local meet-ups). Here are the top 10 industry events for our audience: †¢18%Search Marketing Expo †¢14%Search Engine Strategies †¢11%Local Meet-ups †¢7%Pubcon †¢7%ad:tech †¢7%MozCon †¢6%Distilled’s Searchlove/Linklove †¢5%Google I/O †¢4%SXSW †¢4%WordCamp Conclusion It’s interesting to see the rise in smaller events. Individual VS Team priorities When we’re not learning, we’re spending our time in the trenches. These are the top 5 tactics that respondents said they spent their individual time on (as % spending more than half their time): †¢24%SEO †¢11%On-page Optimization †¢10%Link Building †¢8%Social Media Marketing †¢6%Copywriting/Blogging/Writing How did that stack up against where our teams (SEO’s teams) are spending their time? †¢18%SEO †¢14%Link Building †¢12%Copywriting/Blogging/Writing †¢11%On-page Optimization †¢10%Social Media Marketing Conclusion While people reported that their teams spent more time on link-building and writing/blogging while they personally spent more time on on-page tactics, it’s interesting to note that the top priorities are pretty similar. Online marketing is still a hands-on business, even at the upper levels. Spending and Budget In 2012, respondents reported the following budgets for consulting services, with over a third (34.4%) spending $1,000/month or more on consulting and outsourcing: The average monthly spend on tools and software was quite a bit less, with only about 17% of respondents spending more than $1,000/month: Ad spend is diversifying in 2012, although traditional PPC still leads the way. Following is a graph of ad spent by category (total respondents). Top tools used Top 5 analytics tools as % of respondents †¢93%Google Analytics †¢16%WordPress Stats †¢13%Omniture †¢9%CrazyEgg †¢7%Compete Not to exaggerate, but Google Analytics just crushes everything else. The 2nd place is internal WP stats. Omniture is back in 3rd. WebTrends is #8. It’s getting tougher for the big enterprise vendors. Top 5 keyword research tools †¢88.3%Google AdWords †¢58.6%Google Insights †¢20.2%SEMRush †¢16.7%Wordtracker †¢13.9%Raven Top 5 content marketing and outreach tools †¢74%Twitter †¢53%LinkedIn †¢45%Google’s Insights for Search †¢31%StumbleUpon †¢31%Google Reader Top 5 Conversion Rate Optimization and usability tools †¢73%Google Website Optimizer †¢18%CrazyEgg †¢16%Pingdom †¢11%ClickTale †¢8%KISSmetrics Paid VS Free Tools Focusing on SEO, there’s still a solid divide between paid and free tools. Almost 24% don’t use paid tools at all (and probably run with scissors), but we’ll get to that in a minute. The top 10 paid tools (as % of respondents) are: †¢55%Moz & Open Site Explorer †¢17%Majestic SEO †¢17%Raven †¢13%SEMRush †¢10%Screaming Frog †¢9%Market Samurai †¢8%Advanced Web Ranking †¢8%Link-Assistant.Com, Rank Tracker, etc. †¢7%Wordtracker †¢7%Spyfu In the last 12 months, here are the top 10 free tools you’ve used (* denotes tools that also have paid versions): †¢83%Google Webmaster Tools †¢47%Moz & Open Site Explorer* †¢42%Bing Webmaster Tools †¢41%Firebug †¢31%Majestic SEO* †¢28%Yahoo! Site Explorer †¢26%Xenu †¢22%SEOBook Tools* †¢19%Screaming Frog* †¢18%Hubspot Grader* Conclusion Free tools from search engines rank highly on this list; although, Yahoo Site Explorer was discontinued during the 12-month period. Social Media Tools Last but not least, the rise of social media is undeniable. There have been a lot of arguments for where we’re spending most of our time. Here’s what you had to say about the top 10: †¢88%Facebook †¢83%Twitter †¢55%Google+ †¢49%YouTube †¢47%LinkedIn †¢47%Blogging †¢21%Pinterest †¢9%StumbleUpon †¢5%Tumblr †¢5%Flickr Conclusion Not surprisingly, Facebook and Twitter still dominate the landscape. While Pinterest has come on strong, it still trails all of the big players, including YouTube. Literature Review  E International Journal of Business and Social Science- Vol. 1 No. 1; October 2010.[4] E-Marketing; in one hand, it is noticed that the number of studies conducted by researchers and practitioners in the field of E-Marketing from 2003 to 2010 is relatively limited. This can be justified by the relative novelty of EMarketing. This provides an indication that E-Marketing is relatively new for academics and practitioners and also provides reasonable expectations about the increase in number of studies related to E-Marketing in the near future. The total number of studies was 365 studies, 73 % of it was empirical and 27 % of the total number of articles was not. It is also noticed that the research activity output in E-Marketing had decreased significantly between 2003 and 2008 within the literature period. Although the published articles had covered the following research areas: E-business, E-marketplace, Electronic Commerce, Electronic platforms, ICT adoption, Internet marketing, On-line trust, B2B, Performance evaluation, The Web, Electronic marketing, E-mail Making, Ereadiness, E-relationships, E-security, E-service, E-supply chain management, Internet adaptation, Mobile marketing and some other research. Electronic Commerce was the major research area covered by the researchers in the field followed by Electronic Business and Internet marketing. Most of the empirical studies had been conducted in: the USA, Australia, New Zealand and the UK which was the biggest in number of studies conduct in the literature period. By analysing the articles conducted in the UK market it was noticed that these articles had covered the following research areas: E-business, Electronic  Commerce, Electronic marketing, Internet marketing, the web, ICT adoption, Business performance and some other research areas. On the other hand, most of the articles in the literature were published in the Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development (27 articles) with a percentage of 7.4 % of the total number of studies conducted in the period of the literature. The next six top journals were: Internet research, Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, Journal of Internet Marketing, Journal of Interactive Marketing and Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing. Based on the literature there are clear research gaps in the field of E-Marketing especially in the areas of EMarketing performance as well as E-Marketing adoption in Small Business enterprises (SBEs). To fill such gaps and extend previous studies there is a need for conducting more research to investigate the relationship between implementing E-Marketing and SBEs performance. Online Marketing; New models of advertising?- By Kim Eriksen, Claus Hemmingsen, John Kuada Supervisor- Aalborg University.[3] Throughout our search we discovered that it appears that the companies, have been, and still are using internet as a communication tool to a limited extent, i.e. one way communication to the consumers (as opposed to new marketing models). The literature provided us with some indication of why this is the situation. One can call it simplicity for the companies or lack of knowledge towards other ways of using the internet. Most important discovery is maybe the fact that the latter has been the trend and way to do business. Many companies have not been keeping track on the trends that have arisen in the past decade. So the answer to our first question is that, international oriented Danis h companies have alternative options available, and are not that far from being able to utilise these alternatives. With few correction and a little of extra resources it would be possible for most of them to gain a better use of the internet. Having analysed several company websites it is clear that parts of the theory behind the new marketing models are being used. Whether conscious choice, random chance or even a need to â€Å"follow suit†, most companies try to keep their sites easy to navigate, with focus on language and information. However several are not utilising items such as chat forums, direct service contacts and in general the two way communication to get closer to an enhanced use of their presence online. We  have examined the Internet users’ demands and needs online, and found that they only to a small degree ask for involvement. There are explicit demands for less advertising and simple and well structured websites, but when it comes to dialogue, and participation only a smaller part of our population asked for direct involvement. Login and personalisation are however in high demand, a relatively new tool, login have appeared on more and more sites, developed from extranets (dealer logins) to consumer login to remember setup, addresses and other information the consumer need to type each time a purchase is made. This leads us to conclude that over time the demand for further involvement will grow. One of the most important features the internet provides is communication, communication between themselves and their customers. Companies has for a long time been using the internet as advertising tools to promote their product. In other words, it has been a one-way communication. Chat and forums is one of the possibilities the internet provides. The focus has to take a turn in the consumer’s direction. So instead of one-way communication it should be two-way communication. Consumers want to able to identify themselves in the sites and product. This would be achieved through chartrooms and forums. Instead of being a visitor they would rather be participants on the sites. Conceivably more like Blogs and newsgroup provides. What we also found out, was that the entrance to a site has to be simple and direct. A concern that we were faced with, was the fact that only few companies has a list of contact persons for direct contact. Also, with larger companies a receptionist is available; why not make his/her presence available on the internet via the company website. A simple process that would start the dialogue with the visitor, perhaps reveal areas where the website are failing to meet the needs of the visitor. It would moreover be an indication that the companies involved the consumers/participants in the process. All in all we believe that in order to gain fully effect of the internet and thereby increase the sale it is more important to have 20 dedicated customers that uses the sites than 100 visitors that have no direct connection to the site and therefore do not purchase anything. Danish companies have to reorganise their homepages in a way that it becomes easy and simple to navigate through and the possibilities to communicate with the consumers. Recommendation[2][10] Your online marketing strategy is based on getting more potential customers to your site and converting them into paying customers. It really is that simple. Through using a wide variety of techniques you can pinpoint those customers and make sure that they find your business when they search online for products or services that you provide. When they find your website a variety of other online marketing tools will be waiting to convert them to buying customers. In order to do this effectively, most of the focus will be on two major aspects of the marketing plan: using keywords in all online content and creating as many links as possible to your website. The more backlinks you have, the better your site will place in search engine results and the more people will find your website. The more effectively you use keywords, the more search engine friendly your content is and therefore more likely to be ranked. The more visitors you get to your website will result in more new customers for you. New customers mean an increase in sales and profit just like we said when we talked about the potential for exponential growth with online marketing for your business. Techniques to Increase Your Business’s Profits: Whether you have suffered a downturn in your business, have never built it to the level you are aiming for or if you are just starting out, your goal needs to be using online marketing strategies to increase your profits. There are four basic ways to improve profits: 1.Increase customers 2.Increase traffic to increase customers 3.Add to product offerings to make them more compelling 4.Use PPC, SEO, local business results, article marketing, etc. 5.Increase number of transactions per customer 6.Build mailing list 7.Increase customer communications through auto responders, newsletters, broadcast messages 8.Offer them upsell opportunities—pitch something seasonal 9.Send out reminders for services and specials 10.Increase the average dollar amount per transaction 11.Offer bundle packages and upgrades, strong reasons to purchase 12.Decrease costs, finding free traffic, lowering cost per click 13.Increasing conversions, decreases costs. 14.Offer a bonus, change a headline, offer a free consultation. 15.Even converting from 1% to 2% is a 100% improvement and cuts costs for buying traffic in half—pure profit! By putting an online marketing plan in place and following through with it, you can achieve all of these goals. You can easily improve your profits through the strategic use of online marketing techniques that will increase customers, increase the number of transactions per customer, increase the average dollar amount per transaction and decrease costs while finding free traffic which leads to a lower cost per click. Conclusion[1] [2] Internet Marketing is Not Easy it is filled with many complicated challenges that can put you off track, confuse you, and prevent you from succeeding. Reports and eBooks that attempt to give you a one-size-fits-all approach tend to miss a very important point; successful internet marketing requires you to be a dynamic, intelligent, and flexible. So a set of static, unchangeable plans is unlikely to make you successful. Traditional marketing methods are still highly relevant in the networked economy, though firms must now consider a host of new and innovative marketing methods available online (e.g., dynamic pricing, online community) In contrast to the one-way mass promotion that characterizes modern marketing, Internet marketing enables firms to engage the individual in personalized dialogues Individualization and Interactivity are two forces that make online marketing different Marketing, and the relationships it creates, should be considered in the context of particular processes and stages Bibliography †¢Internet Marketing Report- University of International Business and Economics- HUA Ying[1] †¢Online Marketing; New models of advertising?- By Kim Eriksen, Claus Hemmingsen, John Kuada Supervisor- Aalborg University.[3] †¢E International Journal of Business and Social Science-Vol.1 No.1; October 2010. [4] †¢2012 SEO Industry Survey [5][9] †¢Best Retail Brands 2011- Interbrand Webliography †¢Onlinebusinessmarketing.ie[2] †¢Moz.com[6] †¢Wordpress.com[7] †¢Westcoastmarketing.com[8] †¢Startup Nation[10]

What should organisations be concerned about in corporate rebranding Dissertation

What should organisations be concerned about in corporate rebranding from a strategic point of view - Dissertation Example Business firms use rebranding typically in an attempt to remove some negative associations, improve sales, giving it a modern look, or during mergers and acquisitions, to change the way the corporation is viewed. The issue of corporate-rebranding though quite popularly used amongst corporates to change identities and is seen featured regularly in business reviews and business related news, has been largely ignored largely by the academic/scholarly world, leading to a serious lack of research articles on this topic. Aim – The chief objective of this paper is to delineate the term corporate rebranding in addition to the various underlying theories that create a framework for the process. It also highlights the various contexts that often makes this process an important one for the corporate houses, while also focuses on the pitfalls that may turn rebranding into a total failure. Approach – The paper uses a qualitative and inductive methodology through literature review an d case studies to comprehend the various principles and theories of corporate rebranding. It uses case studies to present examples of corporate rebranding that were successful and those that failed, while evaluating the reasons behind their successes or failures. The research paper however has certain limitations where we find that there is a lack of academic or scholarly articles on this topic. There is no dearth of business reviews or press releases on this topic, but academicians, in general, have kept away from this subject. Corporates present an opaque front in cases where they have attempted rebranding and have failed. As for example, eircom, which had initially succeeded in its rebranding venture but now has a poor financial output, has removed the internal memorandums that it had circulated amongst its employees during rebranding, making the case study highly dependent on data derived from other researcher’s works. Even in cases of successful rebranding, all facts rel ated to the old identity are removed after sometime, to keep up with new brand image. Significance of the study – Despite a lack of research papers that have a theory-based approach on the topic, this paper attempts to create a well-studied and comprehensive framework on corporate rebranding that analyses both the pro and cons of the issue. 1 Introduction 1.1 Background study In recent times, observations reveal that there has been an increasing emphasis on using brands as a management strategy for achieving better business outcome (Balmer and Greyser, 2003). Increasing competition at a global level has led the corporates to feel a desire for uniqueness. If variables that give a firm its most unique value while helping it to gain a competitive edge over the rivals, are examined, corporate brand or image appear as most relevant